Last edited by Kelsea Zhang on 2026-09-04 14:06:45
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Summary: This page covers how to use the model list, the models tested locally, and benchmark results and recommendations for embedding models used with the Knowledge Library.
The models synchronize model information from the model list in the ZAI service console. Here, you can view all models integrated into ZAI services. Click the Converse button in the Actions column to begin a conversation with a model immediately.
I. Locally Tested Large Models: Categories and Vendors
1. Chat and General-Purpose Large Language Models (Chat/LLM)
Vendor / Organization
Model
Primary Use / Highlights
OpenAI
gpt-5.2-chat
High-quality general-purpose chat, reasoning, and writing
gpt-5-mini
Lightweight general-purpose chat
gpt-4o-mini
Multimodal, low latency
gpt-oss
Open-source, ecosystem-oriented model
Zhipu AI
GLM-4.5
General-purpose model
GLM-4.5-Air
Lightweight and suited to high concurrency
GLM-4.5-X
Enhanced-capability version
GLM-4.6
Next-generation flagship
CharGLM-4
Character- and persona-based conversation
Anthropic
claude-4.5-opus
Flagship model with strong reasoning
claude-4.5-sonnet
Well-balanced performance
DeepSeek
deepseek-chat
General-purpose chat
DeepSeek-V3.2
Next-generation general-purpose model
deepseek-reasoner
Enhanced reasoning
DeepSeek-R1
Reasoning-focused model
deepseek-r1_32b
Large-parameter reasoning model
Alibaba (Qwen)
qwen3
General-purpose base model
qwen-max
High-performance version
qwen-turbo
Budget-friendly option
qwen-flash
Low latency
qwen-coder-plus
Code generation
Moonshot
kimi-k2-0905-preview
Long-context processing and reasoning
kimi-k2-turbo-preview
Low-latency version
Meta
Llama-3.2
Open-source general-purpose LLM
Google
gemma3
Lightweight general-purpose model
MiniMax
MiniMax-M2
General-purpose conversation
Xiaomi
mimo-v2-flash
Fast responses
xiaomi-mimo-v2-flash
Xiaomi ecosystem model
Mistral
ministral-3
Lightweight and efficient
ByteDance
doubao-seed-1.6
General-purpose model
doubao-seed-code
Code-focused model
2. Vector / Embedding Models (Text Embeddings)
Vendor / Organization
Model
Primary Use / Highlights
OpenAI
text-embedding-3-small
General-purpose semantic embeddings
text-embedding-ada-002
Classic embedding model
Zhipu AI
GLM-Embedding-2
Chinese and general-purpose embeddings
GLM-Embedding-3
Next-generation embedding model
Alibaba (Qwen)
qwen3-embedding
General-purpose embeddings
qwen-text-embedding-v1
Embedding v1
qwen-text-embedding-v2
Embedding v2
qwen-text-embedding-v3
Embedding v3
qwen-text-embedding-v4
Latest embedding version
BAAI (Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence)
BAAI_bge-large-zh-v1.5
High-quality Chinese embeddings
bge-m3
Multilingual and multimodal
Snowflake
snowflake-arctic-embed
General-purpose embeddings
snowflake-arctic-embed2
Upgraded version
Jina AI
jina-embeddings-v2-base-zh
Chinese embeddings
Nomic
nomic-embed-text
Primarily for English
Mixedbread AI (MXBAI)
mxbai-embed-large
High-dimensional embeddings
NLP4All
nlp_corom_sentence-embedding_chinese-base
Chinese sentence embeddings
nlp_gte_sentence-embedding_chinese-base
GTE Chinese base model
nlp_gte_sentence-embedding_chinese-large
GTE Chinese large model
DeepSeek
dmeta-embedding-zh
Chinese semantic embeddings
ByteDance
doubao-embedding
General-purpose embeddings
doubao-embedding-large
Higher-precision embeddings
BCE
bce-embedding-base_v1
Chinese embeddings
3. Hybrid / Specialized Models
Model
Vendor
Positioning
bge-m3
BAAI
Embeddings with multilingual / cross-modal support
embeddinggemma
Google
Embedding-first model with room for extension
qwen3
Alibaba (Qwen)
Base model with multitask capabilities
II. Knowledge Library Embedding Benchmarks and Recommendations
These results come from a global embedding benchmark on 589 Sanplex objects in an internal test environment, including requirements, bug tickets, and technical manuals. The findings are intended to guide embedding-model selection for Chinese Knowledge Bases, with detailed scores provided below.
1. Recommended Models
Scenario
Model (with size)
Why it is recommended
Score
Local deployment (best performance)
qwen3-embedding (8b)
Strongest local option; it matches Alibaba Cloud's hosted model and clearly outperforms the other small local models.
58
Local deployment (limited resources)
bge-m3 (567m)
Lightweight first choice. It scores highest when GPU memory is limited and is budget-friendly to run.
37
Cloud API (best possible quality)
qwen-text-embedding-v3
Overall winner. Alibaba Cloud's model handles Chinese terms such as "Xuanxuan" and "ZAI" most accurately, narrowly edging out OpenAI.
72
2. Overall Ranking
The table below shows the final scores from the hands-on benchmark:
Rank
Model
Deployment
Model Size
Total Score
Summary
1
qwen-text-embedding-v3
Alibaba Cloud API
-
72
Best Chinese-language performance
2
text-embedding-ada-002
OpenAI API
-
71
Very stable; just one point behind the leader
3
qwen-text-embedding-v4
Alibaba Cloud API
-
58
Newer version, but slightly behind v3
3
qwen3-embedding
Local (Ollama)
8b
58
Exceptional local result, matching the cloud model
5
dou-embedding
Volcano Engine API
-
45
Solid but unexceptional performance
6
doubao-embedding-large
Volcano Engine API
-
40
The larger version scored lower on this dataset
7
q-text-embedding-v1
Alibaba Cloud API
-
37
Older version, gradually being phased out
7
bge-m3
Local (Ollama)
567m
37
Small-model standout and the first choice when resources are tight
9
mxbai-embed-large
Local (Ollama)
335m
36
Just behind bge-m3
10
text-embedding-3-small
OpenAI API
-
34
OpenAI's lightweight option, with somewhat weaker Chinese-language performance